Rabbit Anti-Human MIP (a.a. 179-263) Polyclonal antibody

Increase in the consumption of natural resources in recent decades, followed by increased waste volume, has caused irreparable damage to the environment and society. The problems brought about by the waste in today's societies, if not attended to, may become more devastating in the future for generations after us. A myriad of research has been published in the area of industrial waste management; however, no study until now has pointed to the management of wastes produced in the automotive industry. Therefore, this study sought to describe an industrial waste transportation system in the automotive industry by proposing a capacitated location routing model with a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles. This research attempted to demonstrate the model efficiency considering a case from the SAIPA car Company in Iran. First, the waste collection network was considered based on a mixed integer bi-objective optimization model. Decisions about the route of collection vehicles, the location of collection centers, the inventory level in these centers, the reduction of the costs, the risk posed to the population, the categorization of transportation of different waste types and the estimation of the number of vehicles in the transportation phase were also made in this study. Second, to test the model as well as performing several numerical examples, the improved version of the epsilon-constraint was applied via the CPLEX solver embedded in the GAMS software. Decisions were also made regarding the optimal technology for the disposal of non-recyclable wastes and the selection of optimal sites for both disposal and recycle facilities, considering the irreconcilable economic, social, environmental, and technical criteria. Moreover, a hybrid multicriteria decision-making approach, combining best worst method with PROMETHEE-II was proposed. Generally, numerical examples proved that the proposed MIP model with the consideration heterogeneous transport fleet and waste collection in separated manner was a safe solution in order to reduce logistics costs in the presence of transportation risk criteria.

Introduction Malaria in pregnancy ('MiP') poses risks to mother, foetus and newborn. Studies from Africa and Asia have reported high prevalence of 'MiP' and recommended further research to address 'MiP'. India has a significant burden of 'MiP' but most of the studies are a decade old. Hardly any studies exist in India that report on asymptomatic malaria in pregnant women. The current Indian policies for malaria control are silent on 'MiP'. A campaign was carried out by community health workers (CHWs) in 2019 to screen pregnant women across rural Chhattisgarh. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Malaria was tested in pregnant women by CHWs using bivalent rapid tests. Multi-stage sampling was used to cover 21,572 pregnant women screened across different geographical areas of rural Chhattisgarh. Cross-tabulation and multivariate regression were used to find out the relationship of 'MiP' with different symptoms and geographical areas. GIS maps were used to compare malaria in pregnant women against overall febrile population. Results In rural Chhattisgarh, malaria was present in 0.81% of the pregnant women at the time of testing. 'MiP' prevalence varied across geographies, reaching 4.48% in the geographical division with highest burden. Febrile pregnant women had three times greater malaria-positivity than overall febrile population and both showed a similar geographical pattern. Discussion Prevalence of 'MiP' was found to be less than earlier studies in the state. Though overall malaria in India has shown some decline, a policy response is needed for 'MiP' in high-burden areas. Fever, diarrhoea and jaundice remain relevant symptoms in 'MiP', but around one fourth of malaria-positive pregnant-women were afebrile, suggesting the need for strategies to address it. Conclusion The current study based on a large sample provides fresh evidence on 'MiP' in India. It used CHWs as skilled providers for large-scale screening for malaria. In high-burden areas, intermittent screening and treatment (IST) of all pregnant women can be a useful strategy in order to address 'MiP'. Pregnant women can be considered as a pertinent sentinel population for malaria. The global and national policies need to evolve concrete strategies for addressing malaria in pregnancy.