Anti-HIV type 1 Tat Monoclonal antibody, Clone 6H8E9

The effects of RNA methylation on HIV-1 replication remain largely unknown. Recent studies have discovered new insights into the effect of 2'-O-methylation and 5-methylcytidine marks on the HIV-1 RNA genome. As so far, HIV-1 benefits from diverse RNA methylations through distinct mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in this emerging field and discuss the role of RNA methylation writers and readers in HIV1 infection, which may help to find alternative strategies to control HIV-1 infection. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

HIV1-Tat-based vaccines could elicit broad, durable and neutralizing immune responses and are considered as potential AIDS vaccines. The present study aims to formulate CpG-ODNs adjuvant and Chitosan with Tat protein to enhance the immunogenicity of HIV-1-Tat-based candidate vaccines and to investigate their efficacies in mice. To this end, we added CpG-ODNs, Chitosan and Alum as adjuvants to the Tat-based candidate vaccine formulations. Then, we compared frequency and magnitude of both humoral and cellular immune responses from mice immunized with the adjuvant-formulated Tat candidate vaccines against those obtained from mice immunized with recombinant Tat protein alone. Mice were subcutaneously immunized three times at 2-week intervals with the candidate vaccines. Measurements of anti-Tat immune responses showed that all vaccinated groups had a good immunity compared to the control groups and developed high levels of both humoral and cellular responses. However, immunized mice with CpG-ODNs, and Chitosan-adjuvanted Tat vaccines elicited stronger T-cell responses (both humoral and cellular immunity) compared to the others. These data suggest that co-administration of recombinant Tat protein with CpG-ODNs and Chitosan may serve as a potential formulation for enhancing of the Tat vaccine-induced immunity and might have effects on shaping Th polarization induced by HIV1-Tat protein vaccines.