Anti-HAL polyclonal antibody

Background: Robotic rehabilitation has been attracting attention as a means to carry out "intensive", "repetitive", "task-specific", gait training. The newly developed robotic device, the Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL), is thought to have the possibility of having an excellent effect on gait speed improvement over the conventional automatic programed assist robot. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics related to gait speed improvement using the HAL in chronic stroke patients. Research question: To investigate the effects of robotic gait training on gait speed and gait parameters. Methods: An observational study with an intervention for single group was used. Intervention was conducted in University Hospital. Eleven chronic stroke patients were enrolled in this study. The patients performed 8 gait training sessions using the HAL, 2-5 sessions/week for 3 weeks. Gait speed, stride length, cadence, time of gait cycle (double-limb stance phases and single-limb stance phases) and time asymmetry index were measured before and after intervention. Results: After intervention, gait speed, stride length, and cadence were significantly improved (Effect size = 0.39, 0.29, and 0.29), the affected initial double-limb stance phase was significantly shortened (from 15.8 +/- 3.46%-13.3 +/- 4.20%, p = .01), and the affected single-limb stance phase was significantly lengthened (from 21.8 +/- 7.02%-24.5 +/- 7.95%, p < .01). The time asymmetry index showed a tendency to improve after intervention (from 22.9 +/- 11.8-17.6 +/- 9.62, p = .06). There was a significant correlation between gait speed and the stride length increase rate (r = .72, p = .01). Significance: This study showed that increasing stride length with lengthening of the affected single-stance phase by gait training using the HAL improved gait speed in chronic stroke patients. However, the actual contributions on HAL cannot be separated from gait training because this study is an observational research without a control group.

BACKGROUND Hemorrhoidal disease is a common reason for consultation in proctology and a public health problem responsible for discomfort and urgent request relief. Patients mostly complain of pain, discomfort, bleeding, and itching. Currently, combining an anoscope and a Doppler transducer makes it possible to detect and bind the arteries responsible for congestion selectively thereby reducing the blood flow and thus collapsing haemorrhoids.((1)) Doppler-guided ligation of haemorrhoidal vessels is being proposed as a treatment of grade 2 and 3 haemorrhoids.((2)) METHODS All patients attending the outpatient department of general surgery at Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Research Institute with characteristics of grade 2 and grade 3 haemorrhoids were included in the study. In this prospective study, we compared the results of open haemorrhoidectomy and DGHAL techniques by means of duration of surgery, postoperative pain, post-operative need for analgesics, post hospital stay, and complications. Ninety-six patients were enrolled in this study and were subsequently divided into two groups of 48 members in each. Group A patients received an open haemorrhoidectomy and Group B received a DGHAL. RESULTS Duration of surgery was for DG-HAL group is significantly lesser than open haemorrhoidectomy. Post-operative pain score using VAS was significantly lesser in DG-HAL than open haemorrhoidectomy. Post-operative need for analgesics was significantly lesser in DG-HAL than open haemorrhoidectomy. Post-operative hospital stay, and complications were significantly lesser in DG-HAL group than Open haemorrhoidectomy. CONCLUSIONS DG HAL repair seems to be a safe method of treatment of 2nd and 3rd grade haemorrhoidal disease with no major complications and a high rate of good short-term results. DGHAL is more useful when compared to Milligan-Morgan technique in terms of duration of surgery, post-operative pain, post-operative need for analgesics, post-operative hospital stay, as DGHAL reduces the complications in surgery.