Novel PDPA-SiO2 nanosphericals network decorated graphene nanosheets composite coated FTO electrode for efficient electro-oxidation of methanol
FUEL
Authors: Chokkiah, Bavatharani; Eswaran, Muthusankar; Wabaidur, Saikh Mohammad; Alothman, Zeid Abdullah; Tsai, Pei-Chien; Ponnusamy, Vinoth Kumar; Dhanusuraman, Ragupathy
Abstract
In this study, a facile two-step wet chemical approach was adopted to fabricate a novel polydiphenylamine (PDPA)/SiO2 nanosphericals decorated reduced graphene (GR) nanosheets composite material based modified fluorine-doped tin oxide electrode (FTO/GR-PDPA-SiO2) for the efficient electro-oxidation of methanol. GR based PDPA nanohybrid (GR-PDPA) and GR-PDPA-SiO2 were synthesized using in situ chemical oxidative polymerization technique. The crystalline geometry and morphological structures of prepared nanohybrid composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to confirm the presence of PDPA in the prepared composites. Electrochemical performances of the as-prepared nanohybrid electrodes were analyzed using cyclic voltammetric technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, chronoamperometry. The modified FTO/GR-PDPA-SiO2 nanohybrid electrode exhibits excellent electro-oxidation towards methanol due to the existence of the SiO2 network along with the synergetic linkage between PDPA and GR nanosheets which ensures the fast electron transfer kinetics amid of electrode and analyte. This effective strategy resulted in excellent electro-oxidation of methanol claim its further developments in direct methanol fuel cell application.
Deflection of light and shadow cast by a dual-charged stringy black hole
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A
Authors: Kala, Shubham; Saurabh; Nandan, Hemwati; Sharma, Prateek
Abstract
Gravitational lensing and black hole shadows are one of the strongest observational evidences to prove the existence of black holes in the universe. The gravitational lensing arises due to the deflection of light by the gravitational field of a gravitating body such as a black hole. Investigation of the shadow cast by a compact object as well as deflection of light around it may provide the useful information about physical nature of the particular compact object and other related aspects. In this paper, we study the deflection of light by a dual-charged stringy black hole space-time derived in dilaton-Maxwell gravity. The variation of deflection angle with the impact parameter for different values of electric and magnetic charges is studied. We also study the shadow of this black hole space-time to obtain the radius of shadow cast by it. We have considered an optically thin emission disk around it and observed that there are not significant changes in the shadow cast by this black hole compared to well-known Schwarzschild black hole space-time in GR.