Rabbit Anti-Human GP5 Polyclonal Antibody

In this study, PRRSVs that spread during the outbreaks of 2011 in Myanmar were investigated. Sequences and phylogenetic analyses of the Nsp2 middle hypervariable region (Nsp2-HVII) encoding gene, ORF5, and ORF7 showed that they belonged to the North American (NA) genotype and were clustered with HP-PRRSV strains from other Southeast Asian countries. The discontinuous 30-amino acid deletions at positions 481 and 533-561 were found in the Nsp2-HVII of all Myanmarese PRRSVs, implying their derivation from HP-PRRSV. The phylogenetic trees also showed that Myanmarese strains were in the same group as other Southeast Asian strains from Cambodia, Thailand, and Laos suggesting their close relationships. Conversely, Vietnamese 07QN was in the same group as Chinese JXA1. The unique amino acid mutations found only in Myanmarese PRRSVs were L292F, P431S, and V621M in Nsp2-HVII and E170G in GP5, which may be used as a marker for monitoring genetic diversity of newly emerging HP-PRRSV strains.

Introduction: Infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is associated with cervical, anogenital, and oropharyngeal cancers. Since a causal contribution of hrHPV infection to lung cancer (LC) is still a matter of debate, a comprehensive study was performed to delineate hrHPV involvement in LC, using a Dutch study population. Methods: Archival tissue specimens from 223 patients (145 men, 78 women, median age 65 years, range 27-87 years), who presented with cancer in the lungs, were subjected to GP5+/6+ polymerase chain reaction and p16(INK4A) immunohistochemistry. The series included primary lung carcinomas of patients without a history of cancer (n = 175), primary lung carcinomas of patients with an unrelated cancer in the past (n = 36), and carcinomas with primary presentation in the lungs of which the origin (i.e., primary or metastasis) was equivocal at the time of diagnosis (n = 12). GP5+/6+ polymerase chain reaction/p16(INK4A) double-positive carcinomas were subjected to HPV genotyping, HPVE7 transcript analysis, loss of heterozygosity analysis, and array-comparative genomic hybridization. Results: Whereas all primary lung carcinomas were hrHPV-negative (211 of 211, 100%), three hrHPV-positive equivocal carcinomas (3 of 12, 25%) were identified. These patients (1 male, 2 females) had a history of hrHPV-associated disease; one tonsillar and two cervical carcinomas. A clonal relationship between individual tumor pairs was supported by identical hrHPV genotype, pattern of p16(INK4A) expression, HPVE7 mRNA expression, and genomic aberrations. Conclusions: hrHPV presence in a tumor with primary presentation in the lungs signifies pulmonary metastasis from a primary hrHPV-positive cancer elsewhere in the body. No support was found for an attribution of hrHPV infection to the development of primary LC.