Fahem (Knowledge) In The Lingvoculture of Tatar
MODERN JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODS
Authors: Yusupov, Ayrat F.; Galiullina, Gulshat R.; Kajumova, Zilya M.; Kuldeyeva, Gulnara, I
Abstract
This paper concerns the disclosure of the cultural background of the lexeme fahem (intelligence, intellect, brightness, knowledge), analysis of lexical units denoting the notion of fahem in the Tatar language. The study focuses on the influence of the Muslim religion and Sufi teachings on the formation of the Turkic-Tatar religious worldview, as well as on the evolution of the Tatar language on the whole; the semantic transformation, development and functioning of the lexeme fahem in different layers of vocabulary and the specificity of its fixation in the linguistic consciousness of the Tatars Relating to the problems of research, a complex of existing basic research methods is effectively used: descriptive, comparative historical, contrastive, methods of partial and complete sampling of the material under study. The study proves that the adoption of Islam has changed the worldview of the Turkic-Tatars, contributed to the development of the Tatar language. The article states that the lexeme fahem, after being borrowed from the Arabic language, has acquired a new semantic understanding and undergone the semantic development and partial transformation. In the modern Tatar language, the lexeme fahem (the phonetic variant - fahim), functioning as a separate name and as a component of compound names, is updated in new meanings in the anthroponymic space. It is revealed that among the names with the component fahem the most frequent are the personal names Fahim / Fahima and their colloquial (phonetic) variants Faim / Faima.
Simulation and optimisation methods for non-periodic subwavelength structures
MICRO-OPTICS 2008
Authors: Hudelist, Florian; Waddie, A. J.; Busczynski, R.; Taghizadeh, M. R.
Abstract
The use of nano-structured elements in the fabrication of micro-optical subwavelength components requires a fully vectorial solution to Maxwell's curl equations. In this paper, we compare the results generated by two of the main methods used in the solution of the curl equations, the Fourier Modal Method (FAIM) and the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. We address the computational issues surrounding the accurate modelling of nano-structured elements (with features in the 10nm-100nm range) for a range of micro-optical elements, e.g. cylindrical lenses, photonic bandgap reflectors and polarisation dependent beamsplitters. Finally, we show the experimental verification of the nano-structured designs using microwave radiation.