Knockdown of enhancer of rudimentary homolog inhibits proliferation and metastasis in ovarian cancer by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
Authors: Zhang, Dan; Chu, Yi-jing; Song, Ke-juan; Chen, Yu-long; Liu, Wei; Lv, Teng; Wang, Jing; Zhao, Han; Ren, Yuan-zhong; Xu, Jin-xang; Xia, Nan-nan; Li, Hong-xuan; Yao, Qin
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynecological malignancy. The pathogenesis of molecular in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), main histological type of OC, has not been completely defined. Enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH) had been reported to participate in transcriptional regulation, mRNA splicing, DNA repair and DNA synthesis by binding a variety of proteins. In this study, immunohistochemical staining revealed that the protein expression of ERH was associated with histological type, lymph node metastasis and pathological grade in EOC patients. To verify the association of ERH with the prognosis of OC, a GSE microarray dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Survival analysis suggested that ERH may be associated with poor prognosis of OC. In addition, shRNA was used to knockdown the protein and mRNA expression levels of ERH in the OC cell line SKOV3. Inhibition of ERH expression slowed proliferation, promoted apoptosis and inhibited metastasis and invasion by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in SKOV3 cells. These results indicate that ERH protein promotes the development of OC and provides an experimental basis for ERH as the potential target for ovarian cancer treatment.
Simultaneous determination of free amino acids in Pu-erh tea and their changes during fermentation
FOOD CHEMISTRY
Authors: Zhu, Yuchen; Luo, Yinghua; Wang, Pengpu; Zhao, Mengyao; Li, Lei; Hu, Xiaosong; Chen, Fang
Abstract
Pu-erh ripened tea is produced through a unique microbial fermentation process from the sun-dried leaves of large-leaf tea species (Camellia sinensis (Linn.) var. assamica (Masters) Kitamura) in Yunnan province of China. In this study, the changes of amino acid profiles during fermentation of Pu-erh tea were investigated, based on the improved HPLC-UV method with PITC pre-column derivatization for the simultaneous determination of twenty free amino acids. Results showed that aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, alanine, theanine and tyrosine were the major amino acids in tea samples. Fermentation significantly influenced on the amino acid profiles. The total free amino acid contents significantly decreased during fermentation (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, low amount of acrylamide were detected. Its concentration increased after 7-days' fermentation and then decreased gradually. The results provided the useful information for the manipulation of fermentation process according to the changes of amino acids and acrylamide contents in Pu-erh ripened tea. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.