First report of Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata (Fries.) Kiessler on Sonchus oleraceus L. and Convolvulus arvensis L. in Algeria
JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY
Authors: Abdessemed, Nesma; Kerroum, Ali; Bahet, Youssef Anis; Talbi, Nacera; Zermane, Nadjia
Abstract
Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata (Fries.) Kiessler was found on sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) in the experimental station of ENSA (Ecole Nationale Superieure d'Agronomie) in Algiers, Algeria, during the winter of 2016. Necrotic spots in the form of concentric circles were observed on the leaves of both weeds with disease incidence of approximately 70% and disease severity ranging from 50% to 70%. Fungi were isolated from the infected leaves and identified as A. alternata, based on morphological and molecular analyses (using genetic marker internal transcribed spacer, ITS of rDNA). Pathogenicity tests confirmed that A. alternata is the causing agent of leaf spot disease of sow thistle and field bindweed in accordance with the original symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of sow thistle and field bindweed naturally infected by A. alternata in Algeria.
Multiethnic genome-wide meta-analysis of ectopic fat depots identifies loci associated with adipocyte development and differentiation
NATURE GENETICS
Authors: Chu, Audrey Y.; Deng, Xuan; Fisher, Virginia A.; Drong, Alexander; Zhang, Yang; Feitosa, Mary F.; Liu, Ching-Ti; Weeks, Olivia; Choh, Audrey C.; Duan, Qing; Dyer, Thomas D.; Eicher, John D.; Guo, Xiuqing; Heard-Costa, Nancy L.; Kacprowski, Tim; Kent, Jack W., Jr.; Lange, Leslie A.; Liu, Xinggang; Lohman, Kurt; Lu, Lingyi; Mahajan, Anubha; O'Connell, Jeffrey R.; Parihar, Ankita; Peralta, Juan M.; Smith, Albert V.; Zhang, Yi; Homuth, Georg; Kissebah, Ahmed H.; Kullberg, Joel; Laqua, Rene; Launer, Lenore J.; Nauck, Matthias; Olivier, Michael; Peyser, Patricia A.; Terry, James G.; Wojczynski, Mary K.; Yao, Jie; Bielak, Lawrence F.; Blangero, John; Borecki, Ingrid B.; Bowden, Donald W.; Carr, John Jeffrey; Czerwinski, Stefan A.; Ding, Jingzhong; Friedrich, Nele; Gudnason, Vilmunder; Harris, Tamara B.; Ingelsson, Erik; Johnson, Andrew D.; Kardia, Sharon L. R.; Langefeld, Carl D.; Lind, Lars; Liu, Yongmei; Mitchell, Braxton D.; Morris, Andrew P.; Mosley, Thomas H., Jr.; Rotter, Jerome I.; Shuldiner, Alan R.; Towne, Bradford; Voelzke, Henry; Wallaschofski, Henri; Wilson, James G.; Allison, Matthew; Lindgren, Cecilia M.; Goessling, Wolfram; Cupples, L. Adrienne; Steinhauser, Matthew L.; Fox, Caroline S.
Abstract
Variation in body fat distribution contributes to the metabolic sequelae of obesity. The genetic determinants of body fat distribution are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to gain new insights into the underlying genetics of body fat distribution by conducting sample-size-weighted fixed-effects genome-wide association meta-analyses in up to 9,594 women and 8,738 men of European, African, Hispanic and Chinese ancestry, with and without sex stratification, for six traits associated with ectopic fat (hereinafter referred to as ectopicfat traits). In total, we identified seven new loci associated with ectopic-fat traits (ATXN1, UBE2E2, EBF1, RREB1, GSDMB, GRAMD3 and ENSA; P < 5 x 10(-8); false discovery rate < 1 %). Functional analysis of these genes showed that loss of function of either Atxn1 or Ube2e2 in primary mouse adipose progenitor cells impaired adipocyte differentiation, suggesting physiological roles for ATXN1 and UBE2E2 in adipogenesis. Future studies are necessary to further explore the mechanisms by which these genes affect adipocyte biology and how their perturbations contribute to systemic metabolic disease.
COA
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