Rabbit Anti-Human DHX9 Polyclonal antibody

The proximal promoter consists of binding sites for transcription regulators and a core promoter. We identified an overrepresented motif in the proximal promoter of human genes with an Initiator (INR) positional bias. The core of the motif fits the INR consensus but its sequence is more strict and flanked by additional conserved sequences. This strict INR (sINR) is enriched in TATA-less genes that belong to specific functional categories. Analysis of the sINR-containing DHX9 and ATP5F1 genes showed that the entire sINR sequence, including the strict core and the conserved flanking sequences, is important for transcription. A conventional INR sequence could not substitute for DHX9 sINR whereas, sINR could replace a conventional INR. The minimal region required to create the major TSS of the DHX9 promoter includes the sINR and an upstream Sp1 site. In a heterologous context, sINR substituted for the TATA box when positioned downstream to several Sp1 sites. Consistent with that the majority of sINR promoters contain at least one Sp1 site. Thus, sINR is a TATA-less-specific INR that functions in cooperation with Sp1. These findings support the idea that the INR is a family of related core promoter motifs.

Lack of robust cell culture systems for Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has hampered understanding of HEV biology. We attempted to identify the host cellular factors that interact with HEV 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) by RNA affinity chromatography followed by mass spectrometry analysis. Hepatitis E virus genotype-1 (HEV-1) and Hepatitis E virus genotype-4 (HEV-4) and three cell lines (HepG2/C3A, A549 and Caco2) were employed to understand the UTR-host protein interaction. RNA pull-down and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight (MALDI TOF/TOF) analysis revealed that DHX9, PTK-7, DIS3 and TCR E chain (CD3 epsilon) of all the three cell lines interacted with HEV 3'UTR while RAD50 and TLE-4 interacted with HEV 5'UTR. RNA immuno-precipitation studies further confirmed the interaction of DHX9, DIS3 and TCR E chain. The expression changes in genes associated with the identified proteins were quantitated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of Hepatitis E patients during acute and recovery phases. The data revealed that HEV infection influences the exosomes, T cell receptor signalling and Wnt signalling pathways. Interactions of DIS3 with HEV UTRs suggest that exosomes might have important implication in REV life cycle. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.