Anti-CTSS polyclonal antibody [Biotin]

The significance of tolerance is obvious and undoubted for product design and manufacturing. However, it is not intuitionistic for the computer to understand the tolerance semantics, which heavily baffles the integration of CAD and CAM. In this paper, a uniform approach to interpreting the rigorous tolerance semantics for complicated tolerance specification (CTS) is proposed with the help of reclassification of tolerance based on tolerance zone (TZ). First, the tolerance is reclassified into three categories: Immovable-TZ (ITZ) tolerance, Translational-TZ (TTZ) tolerance and Floatable-TZ (FTZ) tolerance. Second, a uniform method of interpreting the rigorous tolerance semantics is presented based on the variation along degrees of freedom direction (VDOF) for CTSs. To improve the computational efficiency of implementation of interpreting rigorous tolerance semantics, a novel method is proposed to determine the TZ boundary without performing Boolean intersection operations in 3-D CAD systems. Finally, the algorithm is implemented and some test results are given. Note to Practitioners-This paper is motivated by the problem that the tolerance information in current CAD systems lacks the necessary engineering semantics, which causes tolerance information cannot be correctly used and impedes the integration of CAD and CAM. Existing approaches have partially solved the problem based on variational geometry. However, the computational efficiency with the variational geometry method is very insufferable because of a lot of Boolean intersection operation. In this study, we try to propose an approach to uniformly and rigorously interpreting tolerance semantics for complicated tolerance specification (CTS). First, the tolerance is reclassified into three categories: Immovable-TZ (ITZ) tolerance, Translational-TZ (TTZ) tolerance, and Floatable-TZ (FTZ) tolerance. By the reclassification, the number of tolerance types to be considered for semantic interpretation is reduced dramatically, which makes the task of semantic interpretation of tolerance much easier. Second, with the help of the variation along degrees of freedom direction (VDOF) for CTSs, a uniform method of interpreting the rigorous tolerance semantics is presented. Here, the big difficulty for implementation of the interpretation of tolerance semantics is the computational efficiency. In order to overcome it, we propose a novel method to determine the TZ boundary without performing Boolean intersection operations in 3-D CAD systems. Finally, we implement all the algorithm with Visual C++ 6.0 and geometric modeling engine ACIS 6.0. We also give some examples with test results and analysis.

Background Improving feed efficiency is one of the important breeding targets for poultry industry. The aim of current study was to investigate the breast muscle transcriptome data of native chickens divergent for feed efficiency. Residual feed intake (RFI) value was calculated for 1008 closely related chickens. The 5 most efficient (LRFI) and 5 least efficient (HRFI) birds were selected for further analysis. Transcriptomic data were generated from breast muscle collected post-slaughter. Results The differently expressed genes (DEGs) analysis showed that 24 and 325 known genes were significantly up- and down-regulated in LRFI birds. An enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that the genes and pathways related to inflammatory response and immune response were up-regulated in HRFI chickens. Moreover, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was also employed, which indicated that LRFI chickens increased expression of genes related to mitochondrial function. Furthermore, protein network interaction and function analyses revealed ND2, ND4, CYTB, RAC2, VCAM1, CTSS and TLR4 were key genes for feed efficiency. And the 'phagosome', 'cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)', 'citrate cycle (TCA cycle)' and 'oxidative phosphorylation' were key pathways contributing to the difference in feed efficiency. Conclusions In summary, a series of key genes and pathways were identified via bioinformatics analysis. These key genes may influence feed efficiency through deep involvement in ROS production and inflammatory response. Our results suggested that LRFI chickens may synthesize ATP more efficiently and control reactive oxygen species (ROS) production more strictly by enhancing the mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle compared with HRFI chickens. These findings provide some clues for understanding the molecular mechanism of feed efficiency in birds and will be a useful reference data for native chicken breeding.