Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: the role of adaptor proteins Crk
PERFUSION-UK
Authors: He, Shangfei; Wang, Xianbao; Chen, Aihua
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) myocardium may act as an immune system where an exaggerated inflammatory reaction initiates. With activation of the immune system, damage-associated molecular patterns migrate and adhere into the I/R region and, consequently, induce myocardial injury. Emerging data have indicated that the adaptor proteins Crk are thought to play essential roles in signaling during apoptosis and cell adhesion and migration. Accumulated data highlight that Crk proteins are potential immunotherapeutic targets in immune diseases. However, very few studies have determined the roles of Crk on myocardial I/R injury. This mini review will focus on the emerging roles of Crk adaptors during myocardial I/R injury.
Synthesis and Application of Urea-Formaldehyde for Manufacturing a Controlled-Release Potassium Fertilizer
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
Authors: Guo, Yanle; Liu, Zhiguang; Zhang, Min; Tian, Xiaofei; Chen, Jianqiu; Sun, Lingli
Abstract
Few studies have paid attention to high-concentration controlled release potassium (CRK) fertilizer because conventional potassium chloride (KCl) particles with the characteristics of irregular, high specific surface area, and bad fluidity are generally unsuitable to produce controlled-release fertilizer. The objective of this study was to investigate the interacting effects of urea-formaldehyde and additives on KCl granulation. In addition, the controlled-release characteristics of CRK based on modified KCl particles were determined in our research. Results indicated that 4-8% urea-formaldehyde combined with 6-8% bentonite was used as a double binder to increase the granulation rate, smoothness, and particle hardness of KCl granules, which enhanced its characteristics for the coating process. The K release rates of modified KCl particle-based CRK were significantly lower than that of the conventional KCl particle. In conclusion, the novel KCl granulation technology has an enormous potential for large-scale applications to satisfy the increasing demand for CRK fertilizers in the future.